In design, how does a visual metaphor differ from a literal representation?

A visual metaphor employs symbolism to convey ideas, making it a powerful tool in design. Unlike a literal representation, which depicts subjects exactly as they are, a visual metaphor allows for a more imaginative interpretation. By using familiar concepts and symbols, designers can evoke emotions, provoke thought, or communicate complex messages in a more engaging way. For example, an image of a bridge might symbolize connection or overcoming challenges, rather than simply showing a physical structure.

Using symbolism gives the designer flexibility to craft more nuanced narratives and can resonate on an emotional level with the audience. This method of representation is particularly effective in advertising, branding, and art, where the goal is often to transcend simple depiction and evoke a deeper understanding or connection.