What devices are categorized as peripherals?

Peripherals are devices that connect to a computer to add functionality and enhance user interaction. In this case, scanners and printers fit the definition of peripherals perfectly.

Scanners enable users to convert physical documents into digital formats, making them essential for digitizing information. Printers, on the other hand, take digital data and produce physical copies, allowing for tangible outputs of digital works. Both devices serve as external components that communicate with the main computer system to perform activities that are crucial for tasks such as document management, publication, and design workflows.

Other options include monitors and keyboards, which are fundamental input and output devices but are typically considered part of the computer's primary functionality rather than separate peripherals. Speakers and microphones are also crucial multimedia components but are often used together in more specific multimedia tasks rather than as general peripherals for computing. Routers and modems function more in the realm of networking, facilitating internet connectivity, and hence don't fit the classic definition of peripherals that augment the direct computing experience.